Upper two-thirds of the anterolateral surface of the femur Reflected head: ilium, just superior to acetabulumįrom intertrochanteric line, descends posteroinferiorly along the pectinate line and along the linea aspera, down to the medial supracondylar line. Sometimes these incisions are left open for several days to allow the pressure to subside completely. This involves making an incision into the skin to open the compartment and relieve the pressure. The only treatment is to relieve the pressure within the fascial compartment by performing a fasciotomy. Passive stretching of the muscles in the affected compartment will exacerbate the pain.Īcute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency and must be treated quickly to avoid tissue necrosis. Due to nerve compression, numbness or paraesthesia may also occur. The main symptom of compartment syndrome is pain out-of-keeping with physical examination findings. Causes of compartment syndrome include limb trauma, haemorrhage and compression (e.g. When pressure is above diastolic blood pressure, arteries will also become compressed. Pressure in the compartment builds and eventually compresses veins and nerves, reducing blood flow away from the muscles and sensation. Inserts onto the medial aspect of the tibia, just inferior to the tibial tuberosityĬlinical relevance: compartment syndrome 1Ĭompartment syndrome occurs when there is a build-up of pressure inside a fascial compartment in a limb.Originates on the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) on the pelvis.In the upper third of the thigh, the medial border of sartorius forms the lateral wall of the femoral triangle. It is not part of the quadriceps femoris group as it does not have an insertion onto the common quadriceps tendon. Sartorius is the most superficial muscle of the anterior compartment and runs obliquely from the anterior superior iliac spine on the pelvis (lateral) to the tibia (medial). Vastus lateralis inserts onto the quadriceps femoris tendon and the lateral aspect of the patella.The muscle originates along the femur, starting from the superior intertrochanteric line, before moving laterally to the lateral gluteal tuberosity and down the lateral aspect of the linea aspera.As its name suggests, it is the most lateral muscle in the vastus group and lies on the outside of the thigh. Vastus lateralis is the largest of the quadriceps femoris muscle group. Vastus intermedius inserts onto the quadriceps femoris tendon, as well as the lateral border of the patella and the lateral condyle of the tibia.The muscle originates from the upper two-thirds of the anterolateral surface of the femur.It lies behind rectus femoris and medial to the vastus lateralis muscle. Vastus intermedius gets its name as it is the middle of the three vastus muscles. It inserts onto the medial aspect of the quadriceps tendon and the medial border of the patella.It starts on the intertrochanteric line, descends posteroinferiorly along the pectinate line and along the linea aspera, down to the medial supracondylar line.The vastus medialis has a long origin along the femur.It sits lateral to sartorius and medial to rectus femoris. Vastus medialis is the most medial muscle in the quadriceps femoris group, hence its name. The patellar tendon inserts onto the base of the patella.The rectus femoris tendon converges with the quadriceps femoris tendon to form the patellar tendon.The two heads converge to form a common muscle.Rectus femoris has two heads of origin, one from the anterior inferior iliac spine (straight head) and the other from the ilium immediately superior to the acetabulum (reflected head).This muscle group works to extend the leg at the knee, as well as stabilising the patella during knee movement. These muscles are rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. Quadriceps femoris is a muscle group comprised of four individual muscles which make up the bulk of the anterior compartment of the thigh. Psoas major and iliacus Quadriceps femoris Posterior abdominal wall: in the iliac fossaįigure 2.This common tendon inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur. From their point of origin, they descend and pass laterally to the inguinal ligament into the upper aspect of the anterior compartment of the thigh, where they converge into a common tendon. These both originate as separate muscles on the posterior abdominal wall. The iliopsoas is made up of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. You might also be interested in our Anatomy Flashcard Collection which contains over 2000 anatomy flashcards in addition to advanced features such as spaced repetition.
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